There are three basic models of urban structure in the United States.Threshold is the minimum number of people needed for a business to operate. Range is the maximum distance people are willing to travel to get a product or service. Some cities have greater ranges and need bigger thresholds. All cities fit within Christaller's central place theory.Urban environmental issues: transportation, sanitation, air and water quality, and farmland protection Suburban sprawl and urban sustainability problemsĥ. Uneven development, zones of abandonment, disamenity, and gentrificationĤ. Changing demographic, employment, and social structuresģ. Housing and insurance discrimination, and access to food storesĢ. Characteristics and types of edge cities: boomburgs, greenfields, uptownsġ. Census data on urban ethnicity, gender, migration, and socioeconomic statusĦ. Urban planning and design (e.g., gated communities, New Urbanism, and smart-growth policies)ĥ. Transportation and utility infrastructureĤ. Models of cities in Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, and South AsiaĢ. Harris and Ullman multiple nuclei modelĥ. Models of internal city structure and urban development: strengths and limitations of modelsģ. Models of urban hierarchies: reasons for the distribution and size of citiesĬ. Borchert’s epochs of urban transportation developmentī. Origin of cities site and situation characteristicsģ.
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